The status of the Ezidis in Iraq

The relationship between Kurdish political parties and the Ezidi population in Iraq has become increasingly complicated, shaped by historical, political, and social tensions. The Kurdish political parties maintain a monolithic stance, rooted in the ethnic and political landscape of the region. This article analyzes the current situation of the Ezidi people in Iraq, focusing on the proposal to recognize Ezidis in terms of their ethnicity, culture, and religion.

Historical Context

The Ezidis are an ethno-religious minority with a distinct cultural identity, primarily concentrated in the Sinjar (Shingal) region of northern Iraq. Historically, they have faced persecution and discrimination from various groups, including the Ottoman Empire and, more recently, ISIS. The Ezidis have been targeted for their religious beliefs and ethnic identity. The genocidal campaign by ISIS in 2014 led to mass killings, abductions, and displacement of Ezidis, bringing international attention to their plight.

Political Dynamics

The proposal to recognise Ezidis as an ethnic group stems from grievances and aspirations for greater political and cultural autonomy. Advocates argue that such recognition will acknowledge the distinct identity of the Ezidis, separate from the broader Kurdish identity, and help safeguard their cultural heritage and rights.

Kurdish political parties oppose this proposal for several reasons: they receive substantial financial support from international communities, and many Ezidis in IDP camps have been coerced into identifying as Kurdish. Additionally, these camps play a critical role in the economic interests of Kurdish political groups. The Kurdish leaders fear that recognizing Ezidis as a distinct ethnic group could weaken Kurdish unity and complicate the already fragmented political landscape in Iraq.

The Proposal for Ethnic Recognition

Proponents of ethnic recognition for Ezidis argue that it will:

• Cultural Preservation: Recognition will help preserve Ezidi cultural and religious traditions, which are distinct from those of Kurds.

• Political Representation: It would ensure better political representation and address longstanding grievances about marginalisation within Kurdish political parties and Iraq’s broader political context.

• International Support: It could attract greater international support and protection for the Ezidis, who have been the target of genocide and ongoing threats.

On the other hand, Kurdish political parties raise concerns about potential fragmentation:

• Division of Resources: Splitting ethnic and political representation could lead to competition for resources and weaken the collective bargaining power of Kurdish and Ezidi groups in Baghdad.

• Regional Instability: Further recognition could exacerbate regional tensions in the already volatile areas of Sinjar, where Peshmerga forces have betrayed the Ezidis.

• National Unity: Kurdish leaders fear that such movements could undermine broader Kurdish aspirations for autonomy or independence by highlighting internal divisions.

Current Situation and Future Prospects

The proposal remains a topic of debate within Iraq’s political circles. The Iraqi government, while recognising the unique plight of the Ezidis, is cautious about setting a precedent that could lead to further fragmentation in a country already struggling with ethnic tensions.

Recognizing the Ezidis’ ethnic identity is essential for their quest for independence from Kurdish rule in terms of political stability and religious freedom. Building alliances will be indispensable for advancing the Ezidi cause. Additionally, fostering dialogue with the international community to address these concerns and obstacles can help mitigate tensions and pave the way for a more inclusive and stable future for the Ezidis.

Conclusion
The situation of the Ezidi people in Iraq highlights the broader challenges they face. Recognising Ezidi ethnicity is a proposal that underscores the need for greater inclusion and representation of the Ezidis. While it presents certain challenges, it also offers a path toward recovery and empowerment for a community that has suffered immensely. Balancing these considerations will be key to ensuring a just and peaceful future for the Ezidis.

This article is written by Salman Ibrahim, a graduate of the Department of English Language at the University of Zakho. Salman is currently the Center Manager at the Inhalation of Hope Organization.