Iraq has begun new investigative proceedings against ISIS members transferred from detention facilities in northeastern Syria, with several suspects expected to face prosecution for crimes connected to the 2014 Ezidi Genocide.
The transfers began in late January 2026 as part of coordinated security measures following instability in detention facilities that previously held ISIS fighters. Thousands of detainees have already been moved to Iraqi custody, and authorities anticipate that several thousand more could be relocated in the coming months. Many of those transferred are foreign nationals from dozens of countries.
Iraqi judicial authorities have confirmed that legal proceedings against the transferred detainees will not rely on earlier case files. Instead, investigations are being restarted entirely, with prosecutors reviewing evidence related to crimes committed during ISIS’s control over large parts of Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. Iraqi security and judicial institutions have established coordinated operational systems based on extensive databases documenting ISIS crimes during those years.
Among the allegations under review are mass killings, the use of prohibited weapons, and systematic violence targeting civilians. Several suspects are accused of direct involvement in atrocities committed against Ezidis during ISIS’s attack on Shengal in August 2014.
During that assault, thousands of Ezidis were killed and thousands of women and children were abducted, trafficked, and subjected to enslavement. The attack specifically targeted Ezidis because of their identity and their ancient faith, Sharfadin. Although thousands of survivors have since been rescued or escaped captivity, many Ezidis remain missing, and mass graves connected to the genocide continue to be uncovered.
The relocation of ISIS detainees followed escalating security concerns after detention facilities in northeastern Syria came under threat during regional military developments. Reports of escapes raised fears that experienced ISIS members could regroup and resume operations. In response, Iraqi authorities increased military readiness along the Syrian border and expanded prison security infrastructure to manage the incoming detainees.
The renewed investigations are expected to take several months as Iraqi authorities review individual cases, collect evidence, and coordinate with international partners. Officials have stated that detainees will remain in Iraq until investigations and judicial processes are completed.
The pursuit of accountability remains a central issue for survivors and families of victims. While several countries have formally recognized the Ezidi Genocide, others have yet to adopt official recognition. Meanwhile, thousands of Ezidis continue to await information about missing relatives and the opening of remaining mass graves connected to the genocide.
